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''Peregrinus'' was the term used during the early Roman empire, from 30 BC to 212 AD, to denote a free provincial subject of the Empire who was not a Roman citizen. ''Peregrini'' constituted the vast majority of the Empire's inhabitants in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD. In 212 AD, all free inhabitants of the Empire were granted citizenship by the ''constitutio Antoniniana'', abolishing the status of ''peregrinus''. The Latin ''peregrinus'' "foreigner, one from abroad" is a derivation from the adverb ''peregre'' "from abroad", composed of ''per-'' "abroad" and ''agri'', the locative of ''ager'' "field, country". During the Roman Republic, the term ''peregrinus'' simply denoted any person who did not hold Roman citizenship, full or partial, whether that person was under Roman rule or not. Technically, this remained the case during the Imperial era. But in practice the term became limited to subjects of the Empire, with inhabitants of regions outside the Empire's borders denoted ''barbari'' (barbarians). ==Numbers== In the 1st and 2nd centuries, the vast majority (80-90%) of the empire's inhabitants were ''peregrini''. By 49 BC, all Italians were Roman citizens. Outside Italy, those provinces with the most intensive Roman colonisation over the approximately two centuries of Roman rule probably had a Roman citizen majority by the end of Augustus' reign: Gallia Narbonensis (southern France), Hispania Baetica (Andalusia, Spain) and Africa proconsularis (Tunisia).〔Brunt (1971)〕 This could explain the closer similarity of the lexicon of the Iberian, Italian and Occitan languages as compared to French and other 'oil languages'〔Occitan language - Comparison with other Romance languages〕 In frontier provinces, the proportion of citizens would have been far smaller. For example, one estimate puts Roman citizens in Britain c. 100 AD at about 50,000, less than 3% of the total provincial population of c. 1.7 million.〔Mattingly (2006) 166, 168)〕 In the empire as a whole, we know there were just over 6 million Roman citizens in 47 AD, the last quinquennial Roman census return extant. This was just 9% of a total imperial population generally estimated at c. 70 million at that time.〔Scheidel (2006) 9〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Peregrinus (Roman)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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